Dalkasta oo horumar sameeyay waxaa ka hana qaaday suuq lagu kala iibsado saamiyada shirkadaha/badeecadaha. Taasina waxay u horseeday in dhaqaalaha dalka la wada yeeshan, dhaqaaluhuna kobco oo shaqooyin badan abuurman. Dabaqad dhexe oo awooda in ay wax iibsan kartana ay samaysanto. Sidaana horumar waara dalku ku gadho.
Sidaa daraadeed, Somaliland waxay horumar dhaqaale ku gadhi kartaa oo kaliya, marka dhaqaalaha dalka aanu cid gooniya u xidhnayn ee la-wada yeesho. Teeda kale, shirkada doonaysa in ay kobacdo waa in ay noqoto mid la-wadada leeyahay. Haddaba, sharkad kasta iyaga ayaa ikhtiyar u leh in la-la yeesho iyo in kale.
Madaxweynaha Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland, Mudane Muuse Biixi Cabdi oo ka soo qayb galay munaasibad shirkada Somtel ku soo badhigtay in ay ku noqoto shirkad la-wada leeyahay, ayaa wuxuu Madaxwaynu ku bogaadiyey dedaalka shirkaddu ku muujisay muddadii ay jirtey. Waxana uu caddeeyey inay si buuxda u dhiirigelinayaan shirkadda SOMTEL. Isaga oo arrimahaas ka hadlaya uu yidhi, “Maanta halkan waxaynnu u nimi inaynu ku hambalyeyno oo ku dhiirrigelinno shirkad kamid ah shirkadaha Somaliland kuwa ugu faca-weyn leh ama ugu miisaanka weyn, weynu hambalyeynaynaa shirkadda Dahabshiil, hawlaha ay qaranka u qabatayna hadda la isu sheegi maayo.”
Website-ka www.Somtelsomalilandshares.com ayaa waxay sharkadu ku dabaceen shuruudaha samiyada. Qiimaha samigi waxay ku iibinaysa $120, inta sami ee ugu yar ee qof iibsan karan waa 20, ama malgashiga ugu yar wuxuu noqonayaa $2,400. Halka inta sami ee ugu badan uu yahay 1000, ama maalgashiga ugu badan uu noqonayo $240,000. Haddaba, qiimaha dhabta ah ee samigu waa $100, halka ay $20 yihiin khidmada ay sharkadu qaadanayso.
Haddaba, waxaa nasiib daro ah in Somtel 17% (boqolkiiba todaba iyo toban) oo khidmada sarto samigiiba ay iyadu iibinayso. Calamka kale sharkadu ma iibiyan samiyadooda, ee waxa u iibiya sharkado kale oo dilaalina. Suuqyada samilayada ee calamka waxay u shaqayan sida saylada xoola oo kale. Marka reer miyagu xoolahooda iibinayan, iyagu ma iibiyan ee waxay u iibiya dilaalin. Dilaalka ayaa khidmad yar sarta. Suuqyada calamka khidmada (ama broker fee) la saaro 7% (boqolkiib todaba). Iminkana waxaa jira sharkado aan khidmad ka qadin dadka samiyada iibsanaya.
Haddii samiga sharkad lagu qiyaaso 100 million (one million shares), samigiina yahay $100. Marka qiimaha guud ee sharkadu, tusaale ahaan wuxuu noqonayaa $100 Million. Taasi oo ah hantida sharkada (Assets) oo ayna ku jirin waxii amaah ah (ama liability).
Haddaba, Xaaji Maxamed Siciid Ducaale iyo inankiisa, Cabdirashid waxay inoo sheegen in ay sharkada Somtel ka dhigan sharkada la-wada leeyahay (Public Company). Sida daradeed, waxay inaga mudan yihiin hanbalyo. Lakiin, Xaajiga waxaa laga rabaa inuu ummada u sheego qaybta sharkada ee uu shacabka ka iibinayo. Ma 10%, 20%,30% sharkada?
Teeda kale, waa imisa samiga guud ee sharkadu (ama Authorized share)? Saamiga la-iibsaday/la-soo bandhigay (ama Outstanding share)? Sida loo soo xulayo gudida maamulaysa sharkada (Board of directors)? Inta xubnood ee gudidani ka koobnaan doonto iyo awoodada? Iyo inta shacabku yeelanyo? Cida xisaabinaysa shirkada ama auditors?
Xuquuqda asaasiga ee sami-layda (Share-holders) waxaa ka mida in ay doorta gudida maamulaysa sharkada (ama Board of directors). Gudidani waa kuwa ka talinaya hab-dhismeedkeeda asaasiga ah ee sharkada. Teeda kale, marka ay sharkadu tahay mid la-wada leeyahay waa in ay leedahay xisab xidh hufan, sida daradeed waa in jirto sharkad madaxbanaan odhit-garaysa (Independent Audit) oo lagu wada kalsoon yahay.
Haddaba, qofku inta aanu sharkada maalgashanaya ama samiga ka iibsanayaa waxaa haboon inuu helo xisaab xidhka sharkada oo qoral ah (Balance sheet). Xisabtani ooy ku cadahay hantida sharkada, daynta, iyo qiimaha guud ee shirkada. Xisaab ay ku cadahay dakhliga soo gala sharkada (income statement) iyo waliba, lacagta joogta ah ee soo gasha iyo inta kharash kaga baxda (Cash flow statement).
Haddaba, inta ayna sharkadu iibin samiyo, waa in ay soo bandhigto samiyada guud sharkadu ka kooban tahay. Iyo waxa lagu jaangooyay qiimaha samigii VPS (Value per share). Qiimaha samigii (BVPS-ka) waxaad ku ogan kartaa marka qaybta sharkada la maalgashaday loo-qaybiyo Samiyada la-iibsaday/la-soo bandhigay.
Teeda kale, waa in aad ogaatid faa’iidada samigii ama EPS (Earnings per share). Faa’iida samigu (EPS-ka) waa dakhliga guud ee sharkada oo loo qaybiyo Samiyada la-iibsaday/la-soo bandhigay. Marka ayaa la ogaan karaa lacagta faa’iida ah sharkadu u qaybinayso samilayda (ama dividends). Taasina waxay hirgali karta oo kaliya marka ay jirto xisaab hufan oo lagu kalsoon yahay.
Haddaba, wajibadka dawlada waxa ka mida ah in ay hanti ummada u ilaaliso. Sida daradeed, waa in dawladu hirgaliso sharciga lagu abuurayo hayada/komishan madaxbanaan oo maamusha sharkadaha la-wada leeyahay. Tusaale ahaan dalka Maraykanka waxaa shaqada u qabata komisha la yidhaa SEC (The US Securities and exchange Commission). Komishankani oo shaqadiisu tahay ilaalinaysa suuqa samilayda, si suuqa samiyadu u noqdo mid si hab samiya u shaqeeya oo la aamini karo. Isla markana dadka maalgashanaya si cadaalada loola macaamilo. Sida ayaa suuqyada samilayda Maraykanku u noqdeen kuwa lagu kalsoon yahay. Taasina waxay dhalisay in maalqabeenado calamku lacagtooda ku aminan suuqa samiyada Maraykanka iyo kuwa la midka ah.
Haddaba, waxaa la gudboon Xaaji Maxamed Siciid Ducaale iyo inankiisa, Cabdirashid inay ka dhabeeyan si ay shirkada Somtel u noqoto mid si dhaba loo wada leeyahay. Sida daradeed, inta la helayo sharci lagu maamulo suuqyada samilayda dalka, waa in ay ummada u soo bandhigan macluumadka asaasiga ah ee sharkada. Haddii kale, waa in ayna qiiqa isku qarin ee sharkada u dayana sida ay hada tahay.
Dawlada waxaa la gudboon in ay hirgaliso sharciga hay’ada/komishanka maamulayay sharkadaha la-wada leeyahay. Shacabka Somaliland waxaa la gudboon in ay dalkooda U-Hiiliyan oo ay doortan xildhibano hantidooda u ilaaliya, kuwasi hirgaliyana sharciga lagu maamulayay sharkadaha la-wadada leeyahay.
Gebagabadii, shirkada Somtel iyada iibinaysa saamiyadeeda, iyadaana is-xisaabinaysa. Waxa ay sharkadu macaashtay ama khasaartay iyada ayaa kuu sheegaysa. Markaa, waa hantida igu-aamimn oo waxan kuu sheego sideeda u qaado.
Qoraalkani arrimaha aan kaga hadlay, dadkeena badankiisu waxa laga yaaba in ayna danaynin, laakiin waxaan kula talin lahaa, haddii aad maalgashanaysid shirkada Somtel waa in aad gashataan lacag aydan u bahnayn, oo haddii khasartan waxba aanad u noqonaynin. Haddii si kale u dhigo lacag aad ku khamaari kartan gashada Somtel.
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Xogta aan qoralkani idiin ku soo bandhigay waa xogta aasaasiga ah (basic knowledge) ay tahay inuu ogaado qofka hantidiisa galinay sharkad la-wada leeyahay (Public company).
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Definition of the basic financial terminology (sharaxaadda kelmadaha Maaliyada ee aasaasiga)
Authorized share (Samiga guud ee sharkadu ka kooban tahay): Are the maximum number of sharesa company is allowed to issue to investors, as laid out in its articles of incorporation. Somali: Samiyada ugu badan ee sharkadi u soo bandhigto maalgashadayaasha, sida xeerkooda dhigayo heshiiskoodu.
Outstanding share (Samiyada la iibsaday/la-soo bandhigay): Shares that are issued or sold to investors from the available number of authorized shares are known as outstanding shares. The number of outstanding shares is set by the investment bank that implements a company’s initial public offering (IPO), but the number can change. Somali: Waa qayb ka mida samiyada guud ee sharkada, ee la iibsaday ama dadka loo bandhigay si ay u iibsadan, marka sharkadu public-noqonayso. Tirada samiyada way is badali karta.
Value per share VPS (Qiimaha samigii): Book value per share (BVPS) takes the ratio of a firm’s common equity divided by its number of shares outstanding. Somali: BVPS waa qaybta sharkada la maalgashaday oo loo qaybiyay tirada samiyada la iibsaday/la soo bandhigay.
Earnings per share EPS (Faa’iidada samigii): Earnings per share (EPS) is a company’s net profit divided by the number of common shares it has outstanding. Somali: Dakhliga guud ee sharkada loo-qaybiyo samiyada (shares) cadiga ah ay iibsay sharkadu.
Dividends: A dividend is the distribution of some of a company’s earnings to a class of its shareholders, as determined by the company’s board of directors. Somali: lacagta faa’iida sharkadu u qaybiso samilayda, taasi goyso gudida sharkada maamush.
Balance sheet: A balance sheet is a financial statement that reports a company’s assets, liabilities and shareholders’ equity. Somali: Warbixin qoraala oy sharkadu ku cadayso xisaabta sharkada, sida hantideeda, amaaha iyo dhaqaalaha ay maalgashatada.
Income statement: An income statement is one of the three (along with balance sheet and statement of cash flows) major financial statements that reports a company’s financial performance over a specific accounting period. Somali: Warbixin ka mida sadexda ugu mihiimsan ay sharkadu ku soo bandhigto waxqabadkeeda xisaabeed ee wakhti cayaman.
Cash flow statement: A cash flow statement is a financial statement that summarizes the amount of cash and cash equivalents entering and leaving a company. Somali: Waa warbixinta lagu koobo xadiga lacag (Lacag waxa la mida) ah ee shirkada soo gasha ama ka baxda.
Qalinkii OMAR YOUSUF
IS-BAHAYSIGA DAN-QARAN
