Waa Maxay danaha Israel, Reer Galbeedka iyo Waddamada Khaliijku ay ka leeyihiin Dagaalka Syria, Iran iyo Lebanon? – W/Q: Ali Dhinbiil

Ka dib markii ciidamadii wadamada Israel, USA, and Syria aay ka wada baxeen wadanka Lebanon, si nabad looga dhaliyo wadankaasi, oo u dana wadamadaasi ayaa waxay isu rogtey in dushaa aay intuba ka tageeraan ciday doonayaan inay uga sii masuul noqoto wadankaasi.  Hadaba runtii waxa xoog ku yeeshay qolyaha Shhiicada Hezbullah, oo iyaguu berigii hore underground ka ku jirey amaba is qarin jirey ilaa aay xoog u soo if baxeen 1985, iyadoo aay mucaawimo ka heli jireen ilaa hada wadanka Syria iyo khaasatan Iran, oo aay isku shiico iyo qadiyadba yihiin ku wajahan wadanka yuhuuda iyo maraykanka oo in badanba lugta ku walaaqayey arimaha Lebanon.  Waxay kaloo u saamaxday xisbiga Hizbullah inaay awood weyn ka noqdaan siyaasada wadanka Lebanon, inkastoo aanay weli gacanta ku dhigin xukunka wadanka gebi ahaanba.  Sideedaba isticmaarkii hore ee xukumi jirey wadanka Lebanon  ayaa dustuurka ugu kala qaybiyey siday firqooyinku u wada xukumi lahaayeen maamulka wadanka.  Metalan, madaxweynaha wadanku had iyo jeer waa Christian, halka prime Ministerkuna uu had iyo jeer ka yahay Sunni, halka house of speakerku uu ka ayahay Shia, iyo wixii la mid ah. Lebanon’s power sharing based on religious affiliation wuxuu soo jirey since 1861 sida lagu qiyaaso, waxaana lagala quustay in wadanku aakhirka isu bedelo nidaam democracy oo “one citizen, one vote” ku salaysan.  Iyada oo aay ugu wacantahay arintani firqooyinka kala duwan ee wadanka wada degan oo officialy lagu qiyaaso 17 firqo ama diinood.  Iyo weliba taariikh ahaan cidii maamuli jirtey wadankan ilaa iyo xiligii Othoman empire.  Iyadoo markii horeba wadankani ka mid ahaa Syria.

TIHCIFXVZPWMGOMJYRSU_resizeKadib markii lakala goos goostay Othaman Empire, guuleystayaashii  isticmaarku amaba wixii loo yiqiin Victories Supreme Allied Council waxay shirk u qaateen San Remo April 28, 1920, halkaas oo aay France gacanta u geliyeen maamulka Lebanon iyo Syria, halkaas oo French High Commisionerku, General Henri Gouraud uu ku dhawaaqay abuurida Greater Lebanon (Grand Liban).  Hadaba waxay  dawladii French lasoo laba legdootaba power sharinkii wadankaasi, waxay isaga laftiisu awoodiisii wiiqantay markii Germany invade gareeyey wadanka France laftiisii. Taasina aay soo dedejisey inuu iska dhamaado mandatekii aay ku maamulayeen wadanka.  Hadaba isla xiligaa aay xornimadooda qaadaneyeen waxaa wadanka ugu dhaqadhaqaaq badnaa sadex gobanimadoon.  Waa mide Christian nationalistku waxay doonayeen xukunka amaba nidaamkii uu Frenchku u sameeyey inay ku socdaan, Arab Nationlistkuna waxay doonayeen inay Lebanon ku darsanto Syria, madaama aay markii horeba aay isku dal ahaayeen. Lebanese nationalistkuna waxay doonayeen wadan xora oo Lebanon la yidhaahdo, oo xuduudkii 1920 ku salaysan, waxay kaloo doonayeen inay xidhiidh la wadaagaan wadamada carabta.

Dastuurka lebanon wuxuu dhigayaa in 5 tii sanaba doorasho barlamaan la qabto, dabadeedna parliament ku doorto madaxweyne 6 sano (one single term).  Dibna aan loo dooran karin markuu wakhtigiisu dhamaado.   Lebanon’s national legislature waxaa lagu magacaabaa the Assembly of Representatives (Majlis al-Nuwab ).  ilaa xiligii doorashadii 1992, oo ah dib u habayntii Taif Agreementkii hore ee la sameeyey 1989, waxaa la baabiiyey ama laga saaray nidaamkii Christianku aay seats amaba kuraasida barlamaanka ugu badnaayeen, madaama Lebanon degaan ahaan iyo dad ahaanba aay is bedeshay.  Waxaana markaa loo kala qaybiyey kuraastii Christianka iyo Muslimka si is leeg.  Inkastoo runtii Christianka wadanka lagaga badan yahay, laakiin ogsoonoowoo dee weli wadanku ma aha nidaam democracy oo ‘’one man, one vote’’ ku salaysan, sida metalan wadanka UK.  For example, halka wadanka ingiriiska dadku aay u doortaan cidii aay doonaan xisbiguu doono haka soo jeedee, kuwa Lebanon iyagu firqadooda seatska la siiyey ayay u soo dooranayaan Assembly of Representitives.  Laakiin hadii Lebanon laysku soo dooran lahaa degaan amaba constituency ku salaysan tirade dadka degan wadanka, dee markaa xaqiiqdii waxaa ugu badnaan lahaa house of parliamentka qolyaha muslimka ah.  Khaasatan marka laysu geeyo shiicada iyo sunniga Lebanon, inkastoo aanay iskuba darsadeen, madaama aay isku mucaarad yihiin.

Runtiina waa caqabada weli haysta wadanka Lebanon sidii dadku aay u dooran lahaayeen madaxweyne aay dadku si toosa u soo dooran lahaayeen.  Laakiin house of representatives oo ka kooban 128 seats, ayaa shantii sanadba marba dadku soo dooranayaan, kuwaas oo firqooyin isku bah ah u soo xusha inta seats ee loo cayimay qabiilkooda diimood, dabadeedna Parliamentka ayaa majority ahaan ku dooranaya madaxweyne 6 sano hogaamiya wadanka. markaa madaama firqooyinku sida hoosta ku qoran aanay midkoodna majority noqon Karin, waxay isku darsadaan qaarkood markay madaxweyne dooranayaan.

Parliament of Lebanon Seat Allocation

Confession

Before Taif

    After Taif

Maronite

30

34

Greek Orthodox

11

14

Greek Catholic

6

8

Armenian Orthodox

4

5

Armenian Catholic

1

1

Protestant

1

1

Other Christians

1

1

Total Christians

54

64

Sunni

20

27

Shi’ite

19

27

Alawite

0

2

Druze

6

8

Total Muslims

45

64

Total

99

128

Kala fahan Taif agreement 1989 iyo Taif Agreement 1992: Nidaamka Taif amaba the provisions of the national pact were codified in the 1989 Ta’if Agreement, waana nidaam aan waxba ka bedelin power sharingkii hore ee dhinaca qabaailka diineedka ku dhisnaa, amaba waxa loo yaqaano confessionalism, laakiin waxaa dib loo modified gareeyey in 1992.

Hadaba ilaa iyo intii wadanka yuhuuda la aas aasay, waxay aad uga shakisanayd wadamada ku xeeran ee aay ka mid yihiin Lebanon, Syria, Jordan iyo inta kale ee u dhow dhowba.  Khaasatan waxay aad uga cabsi qabtey Saddam Hussein oo iyagu hub badan ka soo iibsan jirey Russia iyo iyagoo weliba doonayey inay samaystaan hub nuclear ah iyo weliba chemical weapons.  Taasaa keentay in Isreal burburiso nuclear reactor u dhowaa magaalada Baghdad, oo markaa Israel  aay ku eedaysey Iraq inaay doonayso samaysiga hub nuclear ah wakhti aan sidaa u fogeyn.  Waxaa taa ku xigtey in Israel mar labaad 2007 aayduqaysey Al-Kibar nuclear Plant aay lahayd wadanka Syria oo ahaa mid qarsoodi ahaa.  Laakiin aanay labada wadanba aanay ka hadlin wixii dhacay, iyo waxa kelifay arintaasi.

Hadaba madaama Israel aay idho dheeraad ah ku hayso wadamada muslimka ah eek u wareegsan ama ha taya yaraadeen sida Hezbullah iyo Hamas, amaba sida dawladaha xooga weyn ee Syria, Iran, iyo Egypt.   Hadaba waxaa beryahan danbe isugu soo biyo shubatay xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya Iran, Iraq, Syria iyo Hezbullah iyo Hamas oo ah network isku xidhan oo aad uga cabsi geliya wadanka yuhuuda.  Arintaas ayaa keentay inay Israel ku guuldaraysatey dagaalkii aay la gashay Hezbullah in July 2006, oo socdey 34 cesho, halkaas oo aay ku dhinteen 165 israeli ahi iyo 1300 Lebanon ahi. Oo markaa  yuhuudu doonaysey inay ku burburiso xisbiga Hezbullah ee Lebanon oo aay had iyo jeer wax isku tuur tuuran.  Xisbigan oo noqday dawlad yar oo ka hoos dhisan dawlada weyn ee wadanka Lebanon, inkastoo laba odhan karo iyagaaba ka xoog weyn dawlada  aay yihiin ciidan urur oo aay taageeraan Syria iyo Iran. Taasaana keeentay in Israel iyo wadamada reer galbeedku aay khad u degaan sidii lagu kala burburin lahaa xidhiihkaa military iyo siyaasadeed ee is haysta from Iran, ilaa Syria, ilaa Lebanon.   oo weliba khatarta aay keeni karto hadii Bahrain aay shiicadu la wareegaan xukunka wadanka madaama aay iyagu u badanyihiin wadanka Bahrain.   Shiicadu waxay weliba dhaqdhaqaaq siyaasadeed ku leeyihiin Yemen iyo Saudi Arabia iyo wadamo farabadan oo khaliijka ka mid ah.

Arintaa shiicada oo aay wadamada Khaliijka, khaasatan Saudi Arabia, Israel iyo USA iyo wadamada reer galbeedku aay iskaga mabda’a yihiin ayaa keentay in aay yidhaahdaan maska madaxa ayaa laga dilaa, oo markaa masku yahay  Iran iyo Syria oo ah meesha shiicada wadamada bariga dhexe laga taageero amaba laga abaabulo.  Hadaba si loo baabiiyo meesha aay wax ka soo galaan ururadaa yar yare e Hezbullah iyo Hamas ee reer galbeedka iyo yuhuudu u arkaan canaasiir yar yar oo khatar ku haysa danahooda siina xoogeysanaysa.   Iyo weliba Yuhuuda oo xoog uga baqaysa Nuclear plants aay Iran leedahay laydh baanu ka dhashanaynaa, Israel na leedahay waxaa looga dan leeyahay in Iran ka samaysato Nuclear Bomb aakhiritaanka iyaga khatar ku leh.

Arintaa shiicada ku saabsan iyo weliba tageerayaasha ururadaa shiicada aduunka iyo mucaaradka ka soo horjeedka nidaamka wadamada reer galbeedka, ee ilaa Afghanistan ilaa wadamadii Russia ka jabay, ilaa Latin America ku sii fidaya, oo ah dhinac dhaqaale iyo dhinac military iyo mid siyaasadeedba ayaa keentay in khad loo dego sidii loo burburin lahaa labada wadan ee mucaaradka ku ah Isreal iyo Western world ee ku yaala Middle East, maadaama aay wadamada carabta intooda kale aay gacanta ku hayaan.

Screen-shot-2012-10-19-at-3.58.47-PMHadaba madaama aanay toos iminka u abaari Karin Iran, oo dawlad military xooga leh, kuna taala gacanka yar ee saliida aduunku badidiisu marto, iyo weliba Iraq oo aay ka baqayaan inay la soo safato walaaladooda shiicada ah ee Iran, iyo weliba dhaqaala xumida maraykanka iyo wadamada reer galbeedka haysata ayaa sababtay inaay ka yara baqaan khasaaraha dagaal lagu qaado Iran aay u keeni karto dhaqaalaha reer galbeedka oo markii horeba dhulka yaaley, iyo weliba shicibka reer galbeedka  oo aan diyaar u ahayn in dagaal danbe lacag aan lahayn lagu kharash gareeyo, kaba sii darane xiligan aay iminka ku jiraan economic recession millions aay shaqo ku la’yihiin wadamada USA, Spain, UK, Portugal, Greece, France, Italy, iyo dhamaan wadamada reer galbeedka intooda badan.  Mida kale dagaalku sidiisaba wuxuu sii jiitamaa xili fara badan, oo aay ka dhashaan argagixiso iyo shaki nabadgelyo la’aana, oo keenta khasaare farabadan dhinaca tourismka iyo shiidaalka aduunka oo kor u kaca, taasoo u keenaysa khasaare farabadan dhaqaalaha aduunka, madaama saliidu aduunka kala socodsiiso.

Markaa waxay Noqotay in Syria lagu bilaabo iminka, madaama aay hore uga jireen mucaarad weyn, oo beryihii hore ku guuldaraystay inaay xukunka ka tuuraan madaxweynihii hore ee Syria Hafidal Azad.  Iyo weliba sunniga ka soo horjeeda Alawiyiinta shiicada ah ee wadanka xukuma oo aad ugu tira badan wadanka marka laga reebo Shiicada Alaawiyiinta ah iyo in yar oo Christian ah.  Madaama Sunniga wadanku aay gaadhayaan 80% meelahaas, iyo iyadoo lala beegsanayo kacdoonka wadamada carabta oo sidaa aawadeed aduunku ku taageerayo inay iska xoraynayaan talis cadaadis ah, waloow aay ahmiyad taa ka weyn ka leeyihiin xukun ka tuurka Bashar al Azad, oo aay u arkaan in aay inta badan carqalad geliyeen arimaha Lebanon iyo weliba taageerada Syria u sii mariso ururada Hizbullah iyo Hamas.  Iran iyo Syria waxaay kaloo aay xarun u tahay ururuda Hizbullah iyo Hamaz iyo kuwa kale oo Palestinian ah.

Markaa dagaalkan iminka ka socda waxaa lagu kala goynayaa xidhiidhka iyo xuduudaha u dhexeeya Iran, Syria, iyo Lebanon, khaasatan si loo cuna qabateeyo ururka shiicada Hezbullah ee xooga miliraty ku leh wadanka Lebanon, awoodana aay u weydey Lebanon inaay qoryaha dhigaan oo maamulka wadanka Lebanon u hogaamsanaadaan.  Lebanon sideedaba waxay u qaybsantaa Christian, Sunni, Shi’a, iyo qolooyin kale oo kala ah Alawayiin iyo druze iyo firqooyin kale oo kala raacsan sadexda qolo ee ugu weyn wadanaka Lebanon. Metelan Jabal Mohsen waxaa dega Alawites oo iyagu taageera Assad, halka Bab al-Tabbaneh aay Sunni ka degan yihiin taageera Sunniga mucaaradka wadanka Syria.

Waxaa markaa dhici karta hadii mucaaradka sunnigu qabsadaan Syria, in xidhiidhka dawlada Lebanon iyo wadanka Syria aay hagaagto, oo markaa labadooduba meel uga soo wada jeestaan shiicada degan labadooda wadan, khaasatan shiicada Hizbullah ee quwada ku leh wadanka Lebanon.  Iyo weliba hadii Sunnigu qabsadaan Syria aay markaa Iran weydo cid aay kala saaxiibtahay wadamada ku wareegsan oo dhamaantood cadow lawada ah.  Taa waxaa ka sii daran in Iran siyaasadeedii iyo tii military ee ku wajahneed wadanka Lebanon iyo Israel aay ku baaba’ado halkaasi, Hezbullah laftooduna aay baaba’do inaay sii ahaadaan xisbi military oo awood ku leh Lebanon oo gooni isu maamula, oo markaa lagu khasbo in sharciga wadanka u hogaansamaan, isla markaana ciidankooda disband gareeyaan amaba ku biiraan ciidanka wadanka Lebanon.  Taasi waxay keeni kartaa in Iran noqoto isolated and alone, isla markaana hadii cunaqabataynta dhaqaale waxba ka tari weydo inay ka noqdaan samaysiga Nuclear Bomb ka aay markaa kalifayso in dagaal aay ku qaadaan xulafooyinka is biirsaday ee Israel, USA, iyo wadamada khaliijku.

Runtii dad badan oo Iranian ahina waay support garaynayaan in Mad Mullah meesha xukunka laga tuuro hadii xaalada dhaqaale ee wadanka sii xumaato, madaama cunaqabatayntu aay shicibka xoog u saamayn doonto.  Runtiina waxaaba ka jara Iran dad farabadan oo aan markii horeba raali ka ahayn xukunka kacaanka shiicada ah ee wadanka xukuma, madaama munaafiqiin farabadan aay wadanka Iran ku nool yihiin, oo aan raali ka ahayn in sharciga islaamka wax lagu xukumo, oo doonaya fursad keliya oo aay iskaga tuuri lahaayeen xukunkaasi ka jira Iran Iminka. Laakiin waxaa dhici karta,  Inkastoo Israel ku hanjabayso had iyo jeer inaay burburinayso Iranian Nuclear plants, hadana waxa dawladaha aduunku isku wada raaceen inay weli Iran ka fogtahay soo saarista Nuclear bomb ka.  Laakiin waxaa laga yaabaa in Israel duqayso Iranian Nuclear Plants madaama Israel isku halaynayso inay taageero ka helayaan dawlada maraykanka, taasoo aay iyagu maamulaan siyaasadooda bariga dhexe ku aadan.

Dhinaca kale siyaasada aay ku loolamayaan firqooyinka faraha badan ee wada degan wadanka Lebanon ayaa iyana keliftey in 19th of October 2012, la assassinate gareeyey Brigadier General Wissam Adnan al-Hassan, oo ahaa Intelligence chief of Internal Security Forces (ISF) ahaana Sunni. Wissam Al Hassan wuxuu ku dhex jirey baadhitaan ku saabsanaa cidii ka danbeysey hub iyo waxyaabaha qarxa oo la doonayey in loo gudbiyo Hizbullah,  Arintaas oo markii la baadhay la ogaadey inuu ka danbeeyey Michel Samaha, oo ahaa wasiirkii hore ee warfaafinta Lebanon, ahaana nin taageera Bashar al Azad of Syria.  Brigdier Hassan wuxuu kaloo ka danbeeyey baadhistii cidii dishey Rafik Al Hariri, oo ahaa raysal wasaarihii hore ee Lebanon oo la khaarijiyey 14 February 2005.  Halkaas oo Hassan baadhitaankiisii uu ku soo bandhigay inay ka danbeeyeen dilkiisii is bahaysiga Syria iyo ururka shiicada ah ee Hezbullah ee Syria taageerto.  Baadhitaanadaa faraha badan ee uu wedey Brigdier Wissam ee markaa fashilisay xidhiidhka heerka sare ah ee ka dhaxaysa Hizbullah,Syria iyo weliba madax badan oo ka mid ah dawlada Lebanon ayaa keentay in la khaarajiyo Wassam, iyo weliba isagoo Sunni ahaa, kana soo horjeeday faragelinta Syria ku hayso siyaasada wadanka Lebanon, iyo taageerada aay siiso shiicada Hizbullah iyo firqooyinka kale ee taagersan danaha Syria iyo Iran ka wada leeyihiin wadanka Lebanon.

Waxaan ku soo gaba gabaynayaa Lebanon waxa degan qoomiyado iyo xisbiyo kala duwan oo aay cadaawad soo jireen ahi ka dhaxayso, iyo weliba wadamada ku gadaaman Lebanon oo dhamaantood ujeedooyin kala gooniya amaba isku mid ah ka leh wadankaasi isaga ah.  Koley dagaal had iyo jeer socdaana waxay faaido u tahay wadanka Isreal, si aay mucaawino military iyo dhaqaale uga helaan wadamada Europe iyo maraykanka.  Iyadoo Israel ugu dacwoonaysa inay ku hareeraysan yihiin dawlado iyo xisbiyo doonaya inay burburiyaan jiritaanka Isreal.  Dhinaca kale wadamada khaliijka amaba gulf states waxay iyana dani ugu jirtaa in quwada soo kacaysa ee shiicada xoog lagu maquuniyo, madaama aay shiicadu khatar ku tahay horumarka, nabada, iyo jiritaanka boqortooyada wadamadaasi. Waxay kaloo aad uga baqayaan in Iran haday nuclear samaysato, aay xarun u noqon karto cid ala cidii mucaarad ku ah wadamadooda boqortooyada ku salaysan, ee aan raali ka ahayn in cid kale la wadaagto xukunka.  Khaasatan shiicada ku soo xoogaysatey beryahan wadamadaasi khaliijka, halkaasoo shiicadu aay doonayaan inay ka faaideystaan kacdoonkii loo yiqiiney ‘’Arab spring’’.

Insha’allah next time waxaynu focuska saari doonaa ‘’the past, the present and the future of Syria’’

 

Ali Dhinbiil

World affair editor

Ali.dh@hotmail.co.uk